Languages: Difference between revisions

28,322 bytes added ,  5 months ago
updated Links and Navigation
No edit summary
(updated Links and Navigation)
(116 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 2:
---------- Start of left-column - title, contents, help - dynamic width -->
 
[[ImageFile:AphiloWorldUniversitySchool5Sep07WorldUnivAndSchLogo2017-08-18Wave.jpg|200pxpng|thumb|left|World University and School {in a virtualLogo world}Wave]]
 
<div style="text-align:center;">
<big>'''Welcome to {{SITENAME}}'''</big><br />
[https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org Home: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org]
<br />
which [[Help:Editing|anyone can add to or edit]].
<br />The Global, Virtual/Digital, Open, Free, {potentially Degree- and Credit-Granting},
Line 17 ⟶ 19:
* Add or take a '''Language'''.
 
==LanguagesSelect - AboutCourses==
 
 
* Add free, open Languages' courses below.
 
===Courses===
 
{| class="infotable sortable"
! <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Add free, open Languages' courses</span>
! Web Site
! Organization (if any)
! Degree / Non-degree
! Instructor's Name
! Location
! Other Info
! Language
! Tags
|-
| MIT OCW Course Finder - Languages
| http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=humanities&subcat=language
| MIT OCW
| non-degree
|
| Browser
| Start anytime
| English
|
|-
| MIT OCW Translated Courses
| http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/translated-courses/
| MIT
| non-degree
|
| Browser
| Start anytime
| English
|
|-
| Course's Name
| http://
|
| non-degree
|
| Browser
| Start anytime
| English
|
|}
 
 
==Languages - About==
 
* Each language is an university or a school, like the current one in English.
Line 33 ⟶ 84:
===WUaS Universal Translator===
 
httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/WUaS_Universal_Translator
 
World University and School, building on Google Translate with its at least 58 languages - http://translate.google.com/# - may become the basis for a WUaS Universal Translator, for conversation, translation and academic research, perhaps with a focus on context, to complement other online, translation projects.
Line 53 ⟶ 104:
* http://universitiesandcolleges.org/language-learning-resources/#general
 
To start a new language - for a Language Template - use this SubjectLanguage Template: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/SUBJECT_TEMPLATELANGUAGE_TEMPLATE
 
 
 
 
Line 102 ⟶ 151:
 
 
{| class="infotable sortable"
!<span style="white-space:nowrap;">Add Languages - to which to link '''free, open''' courses</span>
!Language (local)
Line 109 ⟶ 158:
!Language Moderator
|-
|[[AmharicAkan]]
|[[Akana]]
|-
|[[Amharic language]]
|አማርኛ
|Ethiopia
Line 119 ⟶ 171:
|http://www.word2word.com/coursead.html#arabic
|Standish, Sarah. 2010. [http://lincolnarabic.wordpress.com/ Learn Arabic]. Syllabus. Portland, OR: Lincoln High School.
|-
|[[Armenian language]]
|Հայերեն
|-
|[[Aymara language]]
Line 125 ⟶ 180:
|
|-
|[[Bantu languages]]
|Bantu
|-
|[[Basque language]]
|Euskara
|-
| [[Bassa language]]
|Bassa
|Liberia
|-
|[[Bengali / Bangla language]]
|[[Bengali language]]
|[[Bengali / Bangla]]
|বাংলা
|-
|[[Bhutanese / Dzongkha language]]
|ཇོང་ཁ
|-
|[[Bulgarian]]
|[[Български]]
 
|-
|[[Catalan language]]
|[[Català]]
|-
|[[Chinook language]]
|(Warm Springs' Indian Reservation, Oregon)
|http://www.multilingualbooks.com/onlinedicts-nativeamerican.html
|http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15672
|-
|[[Chukchansi language]]
|[[Chukchansi]]
|-
|[[Croatian language]]
|[[Hrvatski]]
|-
|[[Delaware language]]
|[[United States]]
|-
|[[Danish language]]
|[[Dansk]]
|-
|[[Dutch language]]
Line 141 ⟶ 226:
|-
|[[English language]]
|[[England]}]
|-
|[[Estonian language]]
|[[Eesti language]]
|-
|[[Finnish language]]
|[[Suomi]]
|-
|[[Fon language]]
|Yorùbá
|-
|[[French language]]
Line 152 ⟶ 243:
|Deutsch
|Learning and teaching German - http://www.dw-world.de/dw/0,,2547,00.html
|-
| [[Grebo language]]
|Grebo
|Liberia
|-
|[[Greek language]]
|Ελληνικά
|-
|[[Gujarati language]]
|ગુજરાતી
|-
|[[Hindi language]]
Line 161 ⟶ 259:
|[[Hindko_language]]
|
|-
|[[Hupa language]]
|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupa_language
|http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~hupa/hupa-lexicon.html
|-
|[[Icelandic language]]
|[[Íslenska]]
 
|-
|[[Igbo language]]
|Igbo
 
|-
|[[Inuktitut language (Inuit)]]
|ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ
|-
|[[Italian language]]
|Italian
|Italiano
 
|-
|[[Japanese language]]
|Japanese
|[[日本語]]
|http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Japanese
|-
 
|[[Javanese language]]
|Basa Jawa
|-
|[[Khmer language]]
|Khmer
|ភាសាខ្មែរ
|-
Line 181 ⟶ 293:
|Ikinyarwanda
|Rwanda
|-
|[[Kiyombe or Yombe language]]
|Kiyombe or Yombe (ISO 639-3: yom)
|a dialect of the Kongo language of western Central Africa spoken by the Yombe people
|-
|[[Korean language]]
Line 187 ⟶ 303:
|한국어
|Cambodia
|-
|[[Kuna language]]
|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuna_language
|-
|[[Kurdish]]
|Kurdî / كوردی
|-
|[[JapaneseLatin language]]
|Latina
|[[日本語]]
|-
| [[Liberian English language]]
|Liberian English language
|Liberia
|-
|[[Luganda language]]
|Luganda
|-
|[[Malay/Indonesian language]]
|Bahasa Indonesia
|-
|[[Maithili language]]
|Maithili language
|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili_language
|#Wikipedia - Now in #Maithili - http://ultimategerardm.blogspot.com/2014/11/wikipedia-now-in-maithili.html
|
|-
|[[Mandarin language (Chinese)]]
|[[中文]]
 
|-
|[[Guoyu language (Chinese)]]
|[[国语]]
 
|-
|[[Min language (Chinese)]]
|[[...]]
 
 
|-
|[[Wu language (Chinese)]]
|[[...]]
 
 
|-
|[[Cantonese (Yue) language (Chinese)]]
|[[ 粵語]]
 
 
|-
|[[Jin language (Chinese)]]
|[[...]]
 
|-
|[[Gan language (Chinese)]]
|[[...]]
 
|-
|[[HHakka (Kejia) language (Chinese)]]
|[[...]]
 
|-
|[[Xiang language (Chinese)]]
|[[...]]
 
 
|-
|[[Marathi language]]
|मराठी
|-
|[[Nante]]
Line 216 ⟶ 391:
|[[Persian language]]
|[[فارسی]]
|-
|[[Polish]]
|Polski
|-
|[[Portuguese language]]
|[[Português]]
|Moreira, Sara, and Eleanor Staniforth (Translator). 2011. [http://globalvoicesonline.org/2011/02/23/a-declaration-of-love-to-the-portuguese-language-in-all-its-variations/ A declaration of love to the Portuguese language, in all its variations]. February 23. Globalvoicesonline.org.
|-
|Punjabi
|[[Punjabi language]]
|ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
|-
|[[Romani languages]]
|romani - रोमानी
|-
|[[Romanian language]]
|[[Română]]
|-
|[[Romansh language]]
Line 231 ⟶ 416:
|http://globalvoicesonline.org/2010/05/15/russia-first-cyrillic-domains-go-online/
|Russian Library: http://lib.ru/
|-
|[[Sahaptin language]]
|Yakama language
|http://www.ethnologue.com/language/yak
|Washington state, Yakama Nation
|-
|[[Sanskrit]]
|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9uoNo8S7Jo
|-
|[[Scottish Gaelic]]
|Gàidhlig
|-
|[[Scottish Gaelic language]]
Line 252 ⟶ 439:
|[[Slovenian]]
|Slovenščina
|-
|[[Somali language]]
|Soomaaliga
|[[Somalia]]
|-
|[[Spanish language]]
| Spain | http://es.worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Portada
|-
|[[Swahili]]
Line 261 ⟶ 452:
|-
|[[Swedish]]
|Svenska
|-
|[[Swedish language]]
|Svenska
|-
|[[Tamil language]]
|[[தமிழ்]]
|-
|[[Telugu language]]
|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_language
|-
|[[Thai language]]
|[[ไทย]]
|-
|[[Tibetan language]]
|[[བོད་སྐད]]
|-
|[[Tswana]]
Line 275 ⟶ 475:
|[[Türkçe]]
|-
|[[UrduTwi]]
|[[Twi]]
|-
|[[Ukrainian language]]
|[[Українська]]
|-
|Urdu
|[[Urdu language]]
|اردو
|-
| [[Vai language]]
|Vai
|Liberia
|-
|[[Vietnamese]]
|[[Vietnamese language]]
|Tiếng Việt
|[http://www.olpcnews.com/people/volunteers/olpc_vietnam_an_xo_dream_reali.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+OneLaptopPerChildNews+%28One+Laptop+Per+Child+News%29 One Laptop per Child Certificate of Completion].
Line 284 ⟶ 496:
|[[Welsh]]
|Cymraeg
|-
|[[Wu language (Chinese)]]
|
|-
|[[Yoruba language]]
|Yorùbá
|-
|[[Zapotec languages]]
|[[Zapotec Dizaa]]
|https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapotec_languages
|Mexico
|-
|[[Zulu language]]
|[[isiZulu]]
|-
|Ido
Line 382 ⟶ 608:
|Soddo
|Soddo
|Ethiopia
|-
|Somali
|Soomaaliga
|Ethiopia
|-
Line 412 ⟶ 634:
|includes Arahuacan, Arawakanas, Arahuacano, Maipurean, Maipuran, Maipureano, Maipúrean
|-
|[[Haitian Creole (Kreyòl Ayisyen) language]]
|Haitian
|Krèyol ayisyen
|Haitian Krèyol
|
|Haiti
|-
Line 426 ⟶ 650:
|Mixtec (Tu'un sávi)
|Mixtec (Tu'un sávi)
|Mexico
|-
|Zapotec (Binizaa)
|Zapotec (Binizaa))
|Mexico
|-
Line 620 ⟶ 840:
|Hiri Motu
|Papua New Guineau
|-
|Polish
|Polski
|-
|Volapük
|Volapük
|-
|Romanian
|Română
|-
|Ukrainian
|Українська
|-
|Esperanto
Line 644 ⟶ 855:
|Hungarian
|Magyar
|-
|Danish
|Dansk
|-
|Indonesian
|Bahasa Indonesia
|Isolated by forest conflict, the Orang Rimba people of Jambi - http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/Blogs/makingwaves/isolated-by-forest-conflict-the-orang-rimba-p/blog/37241/ - what language?
|-
|Hebrew
|עברית]
 
|-
|Lithuanian
|Lietuvių
|-
|Serbian language
Line 662 ⟶ 864:
|Српски_језик
|Српски / Srpski
|-
|Bulgarian
|Български
|-
|Estonian
|Eesti
|-
|Croatian
|Hrvatski
|-
|Telugu
Line 677 ⟶ 870:
|
|-
|Galician language
|Galego language
|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galician_language
|-
|Cebuano
Line 685 ⟶ 879:
|Malay
|Bahasa Melayu
|-
|Basque
|Euskara
|-
|Bosnian
Line 703 ⟶ 894:
|Albanian
|Shqip
|-
|Latin
|Latina
|-
|Breton
|Brezhoneg
|-
|[[Azeri language]]
|Azərbaycan
|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_language
|-
|Macedonian
|Македонски
|-
|Marathi
|मराठी
|-
|Serbo-Croatian
Line 730 ⟶ 916:
|Latvian
|Latviešu
 
|-
|[[Lithuanian language]]
|Lietuvių
|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_language
|https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuvi%C5%B3_kalba
 
|-
|Sundanese
Line 736 ⟶ 929:
|Occitan
|Occitan
|-
|Javanese
|Basa Jawa
|-
|Neapolitan
Line 781 ⟶ 971:
|Venetian
|Vèneto
|-
|Cantonese
|粵語
|-
|Tarantino
Line 799 ⟶ 986:
|Malayalam
|മലയാളം
|-
|Yoruba
|Yorùbá
|-
|Corsican
Line 826 ⟶ 1,010:
|Alemannic
|Alemannisch
|-
|Armenian
|Հայերեն
|-
|Tatar
Line 923 ⟶ 1,104:
|Kernewek/Karnuack
|-
|[[Tongan language]]
|faka Tonga
|-
| Mongolian |<nowiki> Монгол хэл | Монгол</nowiki>
|-
|Hawaiian
Line 942 ⟶ 1,123:
|Interlingue
|Interlingue
|-
|Gujarati
|ગુજરાતી
|-
|Tahitian
Line 974 ⟶ 1,152:
|Kirghiz
|Кыргызча
 
|-
|Igbo
|Igbo
|-
|Oriya
Line 988 ⟶ 1,164:
|-
|Kongo
|[[KiKongo language]]
|-
|Gilaki
Line 1,045 ⟶ 1,221:
|Bashkir
|Башҡорт
|-
|Punjabi
|[[Punjabi_language]]
|ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
|-
|Inuktitut
|ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ
|-
|Nauruan
Line 1,058 ⟶ 1,227:
|Gothic
|𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺
|-
|Tibetan
|བོད་སྐད
|-
|Lower Sorbian
Line 1,068 ⟶ 1,234:
|Salish
|Washington state, Puget Sound area, Snoqualmie peoples
|-
|[[Sahaptin language]]
|Yakama language
|http://www.ethnologue.com/language/yak
|Washington state, Yakama Nation
|-
|[[Cherokee language]]
Line 1,103 ⟶ 1,264:
|[[Bambara language]]
|Bamanankan
|-
|Zulu
|isiZulu
|-
|Navajo
Line 1,139 ⟶ 1,297:
|Buginese
|Basa Ugi
|-
|Dzongkha
|ཇོང་ཁ
|-
|Tsonga
Line 1,157 ⟶ 1,312:
|Sesotho
|Sesotho
|-
|Twi
|Twi
|-
|How to Install kasahorow Keyboard for MacOSX African Languages
Line 1,169 ⟶ 1,321:
|Buryat (Russia)
|Буряад
|-
|Akan
|Akana
|-
|Abkhazian
Line 1,200 ⟶ 1,349:
|Joola
|
|-
|Luganda
|Luganda
|-
|Shona
Line 1,269 ⟶ 1,415:
|Athabascan
|https://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/27055
|-
|[[Chinook language]]
|(Warm Springs' Indian Reservation, Oregon)
|http://www.multilingualbooks.com/onlinedicts-nativeamerican.html
|http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15672
|-
|
|
|-
|Miskito language:
|
|[[Nicaragua World University and School]]
|-
|Rama language:
|Nicaragua
|-
|Sumo language:
|Nicaragua
|-
|Miskito Coastal Creole language:
|Nicaragua
|-
|[[Garifuna language]]:
|Nicaragua, Honduras
|-
|Rama Cay Creole language:
|Nicaragua
|
|-
|Pawpaw French
|Kesh
|http://www.npr.org/2014/09/23/349853440/saving-a-french-dialect-that-once-echoed-in-ozarks
|Kesh (in Ursula Leguin's book "Always Coming Home")
|-
|[[Saskatchewan Doukhobor Russian language]]
|Sindarin
|Saskatchewan Doukhobor Russian language
|(Tolkien - Middle Earth)
|http://www.scirp.org/Journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=22781
|Canada
|-
|[[Diyari language]]
|Na´vi - (from Film - "Avatar")
|https://www.academia.edu/10050989/And_still_they_speak_Diyari_the_life_history_of_an_endangered_language
|http://www.learnnavi.org/
|Australia
|-
| [[Pama-Nyungan languages]]
| https://www.academia.edu/2309888/Computational_phylogenetics_and_the_internal_structure_of_Pama-Nyungan
|-
|
Line 1,296 ⟶ 1,459:
|
|}
 
 
 
 
===Pidgins===
 
 
{| class="infotable sortable"
Line 1,322 ⟶ 1,481:
! Tags
! Other
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
Line 1,449 ⟶ 1,500:
|
|}
 
 
===Creoles===
 
 
{| class="infotable sortable"
Line 1,473 ⟶ 1,522:
! Tags
! Other
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
Line 1,600 ⟶ 1,541:
|
|}
 
 
===Dialects===
Line 1,623 ⟶ 1,563:
! Tags
! Other
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
Line 1,752 ⟶ 1,584:
 
===Human Invented Languages===
 
 
{| class="infotable sortable"
Line 1,774 ⟶ 1,605:
! Other
|-
| [[Elvish, or Sindarin Language (from Tolkien)]]
|
| Elven Word List - http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Elven_Word_List
|
| Useful Elvish Phrases - http://www.arwen-undomiel.com/elvish/phrases.html
|
| The Elvish Dictionary - http://www.nevrast.net/dictionary.html
|
| David Salo's 2004 book "A Gateway to Sindarin: A Grammar of an Elvish Language from J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings" (University of Utah).
|
| Middle Earth)
|
|
|
Line 1,792 ⟶ 1,623:
|
|-
|Kesh
|
|Kesh (in Ursula Leguin's book "Always Coming Home")
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Klingon language]]
|
| http://www.kli.org/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Na´vi - (from the film - "Avatar")
|
|http://www.learnnavi.org/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Invented language
|
|
Line 1,862 ⟶ 1,653:
|
|
|}
 
===Extinct Languages===
 
{| class="infotable sortable"
! <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Add a Language</span>
! Language
! Language code
! Language status
! Written form
! Spoken
!
! Universal Translator
! Google Translate
! As Wikipedia Language
! Other Translator
! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_extinct_languages
!
!
!
!
!
! Other Info
! Tags
! Other
|-
| [[Cromarty dialect of Scots language]]
|
| Language code
|
| Extinct
|
| See: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2212466/Final-word-Scottish-Cromarty-dialect-silenced-forever-native-speaker-dies-aged-92.html
|
| See, too: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_time_of_extinction#cite_note-3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Line 1,882 ⟶ 1,689:
|
|-
| Extinct language
|
|
|
Line 1,900 ⟶ 1,707:
|
|}
 
 
=== Free Language Learning===
 
 
{| class="infotable sortable"
Line 1,974 ⟶ 1,779:
|One personal experiences on how to learn Japanese language. Learn how to speak and write Japanese online with free lessons. Increase your Japanese words, phrases and vocabulary.
|Japanese
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Line 2,095 ⟶ 1,810:
|}
 
==WUaS Idea- and Academic Resources==
 
 
===Ideas===
 
 
===Language Code===
 
Language code (ISO 639):
 
Ethnologue page:
 
Language status:
 
 
BCP 47 - Tags for Identifying Languages - IETF Tools
==WUaS Idea- and Academic Resources==
http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47
 
Ethnologue - (Ethnologue now uses ISO 639 codes) http://www.ethnologue.com/browse/codes
 
Glottolog Languages (Showing 1 to 100 of 7,870 entries) - http://glottolog.org/glottolog/language
===Ideas===
 
IANA language subtag registry
https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry
 
ISO 639 (International Organization for Standardization)
http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/language_codes.htm
 
ISO-639-3
http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/codes.asp
 
ISO-639-6
(This aims to include any and all language variants and it is not that interested in using the political term what language has become).
http://www.geolang.com/iso639-6/
 
Language Subtag Lookup
(A nice tool maintained by W3C corroborator Richard Ishida to look up current IANA defined language tags, and their constituents (subtags)).
http://rishida.net/utils/subtags/
 
 
Line 2,120 ⟶ 1,860:
 
 
===Select Blogs, Blog Aggregators===
 
Ethnoblog. 2013. [http://www.ethnologue.com/ethnoblog Ethnoblog].
Line 2,136 ⟶ 1,876:
 
 
===Select Books, eBooks===
 
Add an ISBN.
 
 
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Wikibooks
 
 
Allee, Verna. 2011. [http://www.valuenetworksandcollaboration.com/home/aboutthisbook.html Value Networks and the true nature of collaboration]. (Why a free live digital edition?
This book is being provided as a live digital edition for two reasons: 1)
It can be instantly translated into any of the 52 languages supported by
Google Translate, and 2) It will allow continuous updating and additions
of cases and examples provided by users of this approach. We are
publishing the details of conducting a Value Network Analysis (VNA) as a
non-proprietary methodology. This means it can more readily meet the open
method requirements of standards bodies. We encourage adoption of the
method in its full integrity - as a method and framework for business
modeling. ). valuenetworksandcollaboration.com/home/aboutthisbook.html .
 
Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2013. [http://www.ethnologue.com Ethnologue: Languages of the World]. (The Ethnologue is a list of 7,105 known living languages, as a main basis for WUaS Languages and Universal Translator). Seventeenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
Line 2,155 ⟶ 1,912:
 
(See also editable World University and School's 'You at World University' page: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/You_at_World_University).
 
 
===Select Conference Materials===
 
 
Line 2,161 ⟶ 1,921:
 
===Select Databases===
 
 
===Select Dictionaries===
 
 
===Select Encyclopedias===
 
 
===Select Facts===
 
 
Line 2,173 ⟶ 1,942:
 
===Select Funding Sources===
 
 
===Google + Hangouts, Group Video, etc.===
 
Language Practice Hangouts. 2015. [https://sites.google.com/site/englishpracticehangouts/gmt--02-00-argentina Language Practice Hangouts - Multi-lingual]. Argentina: sites.google.com/site/englishpracticehangouts/gmt--02-00-argentina .
 
 
Line 2,179 ⟶ 1,953:
 
===Select Idea Competitions / Conversations / Dialogues===
 
Language Practice Hangouts. 2014. [https://plus.google.com/communities/117021348126795052161 Language Practice Hangouts]. plus.google.com/communities/117021348126795052161.
 
Language Practice Hangouts. 2014. [https://plus.google.com/communities/117021348126795052161 Language Practice Hangouts]. plus.google.com/communities/117021348126795052161.
 
 
Line 2,227 ⟶ 2,005:
 
===Select Photos===
 
 
===Select Platforms===
 
edx-platform. 2014. https://www.transifex.com/projects/p/edx-platform/ edx-platform: the edX learning management system (LMS) and course authoring tool]. (edx-platform
the edX learning management system (LMS) and course authoring tool, Studio — http://code.edx.org/). transifex.com/projects/p/edx-platform/.
 
 
===Select Programs, Applications, Languages, Software===
 
Babelfy. 2014. [http://babelfy.org/ Babelfy]. (Babelfy is a unified, multilingual, graph-based approach to Entity Linking and Word Sense Disambiguation based on a loose identification of candidate meanings coupled with a densest subgraph heuristic which selects high-coherence semantic interpretations). babelfy.org .
 
BabelNet. 2014. [http://babelnet.org/ BabelNet]. (BabelNet is both a multilingual encyclopedic dictionary, with lexicographic and encyclopedic coverage of terms in 50 languages, and a semantic network which connects concepts and named entities in a very large network of semantic relations, made up of more than 9 million entries). babelnet.org/ .
 
IBM Watson Developer Cloud. 2015. [http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/ibmwatson/developercloud/ IBM Watson Developer Cloud]. Armonk, NY: ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/ibmwatson/developercloud/ .
 
 
Line 2,248 ⟶ 2,038:
Amos, Jonathan. 2012. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17081573 Digital tools 'to save languages']. Vancouver, Canada: BBC News.
 
Ava. 2011. [http://tusb.stanford.edu/2011/10/how-to-succeed-in-foreign-language-without-really-trying.html How to Succeed in Foreign Language Without Really Trying]. Stanford, CA: tusb.stanford.edu .
 
Content translation. 2015. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation Content translation]. mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation .
 
Crotty, James. 2012. [http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesmarshallcrotty/2012/08/31/amaras-wiki-style-translation-platform-enables-global-expansion-of-education-startups/ Amara's Wiki-Style Translation Platform Enables Global Growth Of Education Startups]. August 31. Forbes.com.
 
Darnton, Robert. 2014. [http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2014/may/22/world-digital-library-coming-true/ A World Digital Library Is Coming True!]. May 22. New York, NY: The New York Times.
 
Dunham, Elizabeth. 2011. [http://www.oregonlive.com/living/index.ssf/2011/04/an_alaska_native_who_lives_in.html An Alaska native who lives in Portland battles cancer while working to save a tribe's language]. April 13. Portland, OR: Oregon Live.
 
Eamer, Allyson. 2014. [http://globalvoicesonline.org/2014/07/03/technology-helps-people-learn-save-languages/ How Technology Is Helping People Learn—and Even Save—the World's Languages]. July 3. Cambridge, MA: globalvoicesonline.org/2014/07/03/technology-helps-people-learn-save-languages/ .
The Endangered Languages Project. 2012. [http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/06/endangered-languages-project-supporting.html The Endangered Languages Project: Supporting language preservation through technology and collaboration]. googleblog.blogspot.com
 
The Endangered Languages Project. 2012. [http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/06/endangered-languages-project-supporting.html The Endangered Languages Project: Supporting language preservation through technology and collaboration]. googleblog.blogspot.com.
 
Ethnologue. 2014. [https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Ethnologue.html Ethnologue]. Princeton, NJ: princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Ethnologue.html .
 
For winners of UN essay contest, multilingualism makes the world go ‘round. 2014. [http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=48160 For winners of UN essay contest, multilingualism makes the world go ‘round]. New York, NY: un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=48160 .
 
Góes, Paula. 2012. [http://globalvoicesonline.org/2012/07/26/translation-declaration-internet-freedom/ Global: A Marathon to Translate the Declaration of Internet Freedom]. July 26. Cambridge, MA: Global Voices Online.
 
Graham, Mark (and Jon Hughes?). 2014. [http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/888660-geotagging-reveals-wikipedia-is-not-quite-so-equal-after-all-2/ Geotagging Reveals Wikipedia Is Not Quite So Equal After All]. London, UK: theepochtimes.com/n3/888660-geotagging-reveals-wikipedia-is-not-quite-so-equal-after-all-2/ .
 
Green, Cable. 2012. [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/35072 World OER Map: Will You Help Build It?]. November 9th. San Francisco, CA: creativecommons.org
Line 2,265 ⟶ 2,067:
 
Knowles, Jamillah. 2011. [http://globalvoicesonline.org/2011/11/01/global-voices-podcast-bridging-the-language-gaps/ Global Voices Podcast: Bridging the Language Gaps]. November 21. globalvoicesonline.org.
 
Language Information. 2014. [http://www.ethnologue.com/about/language-info Language Information]. ethnologue.com/about/language-info .
 
Lardinois, Frederic. 2013. [http://techcrunch.com/2013/03/01/google-launches-sign-language-interpreter-app-for-hangouts-adds-accessibility-features-to-gmail-drive-and-chrome/ Google Launches Sign Language Interpreter App For Hangouts, Adds Accessibility Features To Gmail, Drive And Chrome]. March 1. techcrunch.com.
 
Lewis, Paul. 2011. [http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp Ethnologue: Languages of the World - Statistical Summaries]. (16th edition). Dallas, TX: Ethnologue.org.
 
MacLeod, Scott. 2014. [http://scott-macleod.blogspot.com/2014/05/black-oystercatcher-haematopus-bachmani.html Black Oystercatcher - Haematopus bachmani: New "Clinical Trials at WUaS (for all languages)" at WUaS, Examples of "Living," "Extinct" and "Invented" languages at WUaS,"Scottish Gaelic language", "Cromarty dialect of Scots language", "Elvish, or Sindarin language (from Tolkien)", WUaS Universal Translator ... along with the main "Languages" and the new "LANGUAGE TEMPLATE" with which you can begin a new language, and related school or MIT OCW-centric University at WUaS … New subjects at WUaS this month ... WUaS monthly business meeting meets tomorrow, Saturday, May 10, 2014, electronically in Free Conference Call this month, and all are welcome]. May 9. scott-macleod.blogspot.com/2014/05/black-oystercatcher-haematopus-bachmani.html.
 
MacLeod, Scott. 2015. [http://scott-macleod.blogspot.com/2015/03/camellia-sasanqua-9000-languages-and.html Camellia sasanqua: 9,000 Languages and their Countries in a spreadsheet is an amazing WUaS development because each of these languages, in this list, will become an open editable wiki school in that language and the larger languages will become accrediting universities in their nation states and also the basis for an Universal Translator, Suggestions for adding their populations of native speakers to this list?]. March 13. scott-macleod.blogspot.com/2015/03/camellia-sasanqua-9000-languages-and.html.
 
MacLeod, Scott. 2014. [http://scott-macleod.blogspot.com/2014/04/mountain-sagewort-think-of-12-main.html Mountain sagewort: think of the 12 main links ... Languages, Countries, Applications to WUaS ... Music School ... Research ... in the table on this page as a kind of HOBBIT HOLE from JRR Tolkien ... at ... http://scottmacleod.com/interlingual/worlduniversityandschool.html ... "Gandalf in the meantime was still standing outside the door ... ," The portal is made ..., The possibility of a WUaS universal translator, which will include human invented languages, such as the Elvish language, called Sindarin, created by Tolkien, for example, in addition to the 7,105 languages listed in the "The Ethnologue" and because WUaS is wiki, Some Elvish language, or Sindarin language, resources]. April 10. scott-macleod.blogspot.com/2014/04/mountain-sagewort-think-of-12-main.html .
 
MacLeod, Scott. 2015. [http://scott-macleod.blogspot.com/2015/02/native-flax-seed-plants-very-cool.html native flax seed plants: Very Cool - A Guidebook and a Test, for A.I. and machine learning at WUaS, Translatable, in an Universal Translator, Textbooks/Guidebooks as Courses, Think the California Drivers' Manual and Related Test, or The New Testament and Quizzes - with a focus on Love - in 1,300+ of the largest languages in the world out of 7,870, 10K and 2K Reward ISSIP WUaS Grand Challenges, Clinical Trials in All Languages, Scottish Gaelic is unintelligible in Google Translate and probably has fewer than 100,000 speakers for an Universal Translator of the largest languages, How the New Testament teaches love, Tests for the New Testament, as beginning examples for coding for machine learning and AI for an Universal Translator, A wee breakthrough, How to code AI, Guidebooks and Tests for flourishing learning enjoyment?]. February 25. San Francisco, CA: scott-macleod.blogspot.com/2015/02/native-flax-seed-plants-very-cool.html .
 
MacLeod, Scott. 2015. [http://scott-macleod.blogspot.com/2015/03/red-macaw-zapotec-biblenew-testament-as.html Red Macaw: Zapotec, The Bible/New Testament as a basis for the WUaS Universal Translator, WUaS Business Plan]. March 5. scott-macleod.blogspot.com/2015/03/red-macaw-zapotec-biblenew-testament-as.html .
 
MCGONEGAL, JOE. 2014. [http://slice.mit.edu/2014/09/29/edx_languages/?test=1969921742 Coding Towards Vietnam: edX in Translation]. Cambridge, MA: slice.mit.edu/2014/09/29/edx_languages/?test=1969921742 .
 
Mieszkowski, Jan. [https://www.academia.edu/8517822/Ich_Ach_Auch_Certain_Also-Ran_Languages_of_Jacques_Derrida Ich, Ach, Auch: Certain Also-Ran Languages of Jacques Derrida]. Cambridge, MA: academia.edu/8517822/Ich_Ach_Auch_Certain_Also-Ran_Languages_of_Jacques_Derrida.
 
Moro, Andrea, Alessandro Raganato and Roberto Navigli. 2014. Entity Linking meets Word Sense Disambiguation: A Unified Approach. (TACL), 2. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics.
 
Parra, Juliana Rincón. 2011. [http://globalvoicesonline.org/2011/02/22/video-learning-a-new-language-through-online-video/ Video: Learning a New Language Through Online Video]. February 22. (Aymara, Swahili, Quechua, KhoeKhoegowab, Welsh, Bangla).Cambrdige, MA: Global Voices Online.
 
phobos. 2011. [https://blog.torproject.org/blog/whither-website-translations Whither website translations]. September 28. blog.torproject.org.
 
The Problem of Language Identification. 2014. [http://www.ethnologue.com/about/problem-language-identification The Problem of Language Identification]. ethnologue.com/about/problem-language-identification .
 
Power, Brian. 2015. [http://www.latg.org/2014/10/8-language-tools-not-heard-of.html/ 8 Great Language Learning Tools You Haven’t Heard Of]. www.latg.org/2014/10/8-language-tools-not-heard-of.html/ .
 
redletterdave. 2012. [http://news.slashdot.org/story/12/06/21/2128239/google-launches-endangered-languages-project Google Launches Endangered Languages Project]. June 21. news.slashdot.org
Line 2,331 ⟶ 2,155:
 
===Select Twitters===
 
Avila, Eddie. 2014. [http://rising.globalvoicesonline.org/blog/2014/02/17/tweet-in-your-mother-language-on-february-21/ Tweet in Your Mother Language on February 21]. February 17. Cambridge, MA: rising.globalvoicesonline.org.
 
 
MacLeod, Scott GK. 2023.
 
Love it: And why do people love#JRRTolkien's writings & what is #TheHobbit's #MoralityWUaS? GREAT:"Polarity of #Morality and the Lord of the Rings: What is Evil?"#Allegory https://youtu.be/tQHdHqTktaIWrote #ReedCollege #JuniorQualifyingExam on #Theodicy @AimeTim @WorldUnivAndSch~
https://twitter.com/scottmacleod/status/1740453503242522768
https://twitter.com/TheOpenBand/status/1740453894419886445
https://twitter.com/WUaSPress/status/1740454000628318381
https://twitter.com/HarbinBook/status/1740453831484297245
https://twitter.com/sgkmacleod/status/1740453712940978445 
https://twitter.com/WorldUnivAndSch/status/1740453646653968537
 
*
Love it: And why do people love#JRRTolkien's writings? What is #TheHobbit's #MoralityWUaS? Great:"Polarity of #Morality and the Lord of the Rings: What is Evil?"#WUaSAllegory #GoodAndEvil https://youtu.be/tQHdHqTktaIWrote #ReedCollege #JuniorQualifyingExam on #Theodicy @AimeTimTo https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Elvish,_or_Sindarin_Language_(from_Tolkien) @WorldUnivAndSch 
 
*Love it: JRRTolkienPolarity of Morality and the Lord of the Rings What is Evil?#WUaSAllegory #GoodAndEvil https://youtu.be/tQHdHqTktaI
Thnks @HelloFutureMe
 
To https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Elvish,_or_Sindarin_Language_(from_Tolkien) 
*LANGUAGE? Why do people like#JRRTolkien's writings? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenlandic_Norse#/media/File%3ARunesten_fra_Kingittorsuaq.jpg? extinct ones like #GreenlandicNorse? https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Elvish,_or_Sindarin_Language_(from_Tolkien)? @WorldUnivAndSch #WUaSinventedLanguages #WUaSLanguages All, Ever, incl. 7168 #WUaSKnownLivingLanguages https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Languages as #LLMs +
https://twitter.com/WorldUnivAndSch/status/1740471358352662626
https://twitter.com/sgkmacleod/status/1740471302232633769
https://twitter.com/HarbinBook/status/1740471237393154205
https://twitter.com/TheOpenBand/status/1740471153225793673
https://twitter.com/WUaSPress/status/1740471097202544682?t=fG-f2G4Xlw-ho2rbJWzi_w&s=19
 
https://twitter.com/scottmacleod/status/1740470981909754036?t=aSO3EKFLhPqsyJfMHuicIA&s=19
 
 
 
*
LANGUAGE? Why do people like#JRRTolkien's writings? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenlandic_Norse#/media/File%3ARunesten_fra_Kingittorsuaq.jpg? https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Elvish,_or_Sindarin_Language_(from_Tolkien)? @WorldUnivAndSch #WUaSinventedLanguages #WUaSLanguages All, Ever, incl. 7168 #WUaSKnownLivingLanguages https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Languages & extinct ones like #GreenlandicNorse as #LLMs +
 
https://twitter.com/WorldUnivAndSch/status/1740470589427753018
 
 
 
 
*
LANGUAGE? Why do people love#JRRTolkien's writings? https://youtu.be/tQHdHqTktaI to https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Elvish,_or_Sindarin_Language_(from_Tolkien) @WorldUnivAndSch for #WUaSinventedLanguages #WUaSLanguages All Ever incl. 7168 #WUaSKnownLivingLanguages https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Languages & extinct ones like GreenlandicNorse as #LLMs +
 
https://twitter.com/WorldUnivAndSch/status/1740469277164278219
 
 
*
#WUaSSumerian
 
Language it? Why do people love#JRRTolkien's writings? https://youtu.be/tQHdHqTktaI to https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Elvish,_or_Sindarin_Language_(from_Tolkien) @WorldUnivAndSch for #WUaSinventedLanguages #WUaSLanguages All Ever incl. 7168 #WUaSKnownLivingLanguages https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Languages & extinct ones like #WUaSSumerian as #LLMs +
https://twitter.com/WorldUnivAndSch/status/1740468482884731288
 
 
*Latin isn't extinct 
Language it? Why do people love#JRRTolkien's writings? https://youtu.be/tQHdHqTktaI to https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Elvish,_or_Sindarin_Language_(from_Tolkien) @WorldUnivAndSch for #WUaSinventedLanguages #WUaSLanguages All Ever incl. 7168 #WUaSKnownLivingLanguages https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Languages & extinct ones like #WUaSLatin as #LLMs +
https://twitter.com/WorldUnivAndSch/status/1740467598800875825
 
 
*Love it: And why do people love#JRRTolkien's writings & what is #TheHobbit's #MoralityWUaS? GREAT:"Polarity of #Morality and the Lord of the Rings: What is Evil?"#Allegory https://youtu.be/tQHdHqTktaIWrote #ReedCollege #JuniorQualifyingExam on #Theodicy @AimeTim @WorldUnivAndSch~
https://twitter.com/scottmacleod/status/1740453503242522768
https://twitter.com/TheOpenBand/status/1740453894419886445
https://twitter.com/WUaSPress/status/1740454000628318381
https://twitter.com/HarbinBook/status/1740453831484297245
https://twitter.com/sgkmacleod/status/1740453712940978445 
https://twitter.com/WorldUnivAndSch/status/1740453646653968537
 
 
*Love it: And why do people love#JRRTolkien's writings? What is #TheHobbit's #MoralityWUaS? Great:"Polarity of #Morality and the Lord of the Rings: What is Evil?"#WUaSAllegory #GoodAndEvil https://youtu.be/tQHdHqTktaIWrote #ReedCollege #JuniorQualifyingExam on #Theodicy @AimeTimTo https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Elvish,_or_Sindarin_Language_(from_Tolkien) @WorldUnivAndSch 
 
 
*Love it: JRRTolkienPolarity of Morality and the Lord of the Rings What is Evil?#WUaSAllegory #GoodAndEvil https://youtu.be/tQHdHqTktaI
Thnks @HelloFutureMe
 
To https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Elvish,_or_Sindarin_Language_(from_Tolkien) 
 
 
Pittsburgh, PA: https://scott-macleod.blogspot.com/2023/12/rose-st-national-flower-of-sao-tome-and.html.
 
 
 
MacLeod, Scott GK. 2023.
 
Russian courses' website logo -
 
@sgkmacleod (Languages @WorldUnivAndSch - all 7151) Someone #WikiAdded "Каталог онлайн-курсов" (Catalog of online courses) - https://poiskovoe-prodvizhenie.ru/ - in Russian https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Languages >https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/The_%22Universitian%22_Newspaper_at_WUaS where wiki Russian #WUaScourses https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Courses would be best
 
https://twitter.com/TheOpenBand/status/1662471646224035842
 
 
WUaS logo -
@sgkmacleod (Languages @WorldUnivAndSch - all 7151) Someone #WikiAdded "Каталог онлайн-курсов" (Catalog of online courses) - https://poiskovoe-prodvizhenie.ru/ - in Russian https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Languages >https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/The_%22Universitian%22_Newspaper_at_WUaS where wiki Russian #WUaScourses https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Courses would be best
 
https://twitter.com/WorldUnivAndSch/status/1662469198235197446
 
https://twitter.com/sgkmacleod/status/1662469612921925633
 
https://twitter.com/scottmacleod/status/1662470189462478848?s=20
 
https://twitter.com/WUaSPress/status/1662470918940024833
 
https://twitter.com/HarbinBook/status/1662472070112968705
 
 
 
Line 2,336 ⟶ 2,262:
 
Clayton, Steve. 2012. [http://blogs.technet.com/b/next/archive/2012/11/08/microsoft-research-shows-a-promising-new-breakthrough-in-speech-translation-technology.aspx Microsoft Research shows a promising new breakthrough in speech translation technology]. Redmond, WA: blogs.technet.com.
 
Finn, Amy S., Taraz Lee, Allison Kraus, Carla L. Hudson Kam. 2014. [https://www.academia.edu/8065980/When_It_Hurts_and_Helps_to_Try_The_Role_of_Effort_in_Language_Learning When It Hurts (and Helps) to Try: The Role of Effort in Language Learning]. Cambridge, MA: MIT.
 
Lazar, Jonathan. 2011. [http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/events/luncheon/2011/11/lazar Preventing Societal Discrimination: Accessible Web Design for People with Disabilities]. Cambridge, MA: Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University.
 
Lee, Reena Singhal, and ? (interviewer). 2013. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9RhAdxs7zI CS4HS with Reena Lee]. December 11. (This video is private, however). Mountain View, CA: plus.google.com/u/0/+GoogleinEducation/posts.
 
MCCLELAND, JACOB. 2014. [http://www.npr.org/2014/09/23/349853440/saving-a-french-dialect-that-once-echoed-in-ozarks Saving A French Dialect That Once Echoed In The Ozarks]. September 23. NPR.
 
Parra, Juliana Rincón. 2011. [http://globalvoicesonline.org/2011/02/22/video-learning-a-new-language-through-online-video/ Video: Learning a New Language Through Online Video]. February 22. Global Voices Online.
 
Powell, Will. 2012. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vw6dJDMmnlw Project Glass: Translation...inspired - subtitles in glasses (English Spanish conversation)]. (nspiredinspired by google's project glass I put together an application that can provide translated subtitles in real time. It allows me and my sister Elizabeth to have a conversation when I speak English and she speaks Spanish). youtube.com.
 
Quinn, Conor. 2012. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6a6vVIdQBd0 Hacking Language Learning: Dr. Conor Quinn at TEDxDirigo]. TEDxDirigo.
 
ShaoLan. 2013. [http://www.ted.com/talks/shaolan_learn_to_read_chinese_with_ease Learn to read Chinese ... with ease!]. (Subtitles available in 48 languages). ted.com/talks/shaolan_learn_to_read_chinese_with_ease .
 
Smith, Dave. 2012. [http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/355046/20120621/google-endangered-languages-project-speech-culture-video.htm Google Launches Endangered Languages Project To Preserve Global Speech, Culture (VIDEO)]. International Business Times.
 
Truseneye92. 2010. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dABo_DCIdpM The English Language In 24 Accents]. YouTube.com channel.
 
Van Deusen-Scholl, Nelleke. 2014. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-jpl3M1kCI Yale Center for Language Study Shared Course Initiative]. (At the Online Education Open Forum held on February 24, 2014, Nelleke Van Deusen-School, Director of the Center for Language Study, shared the collaborative arrangement with Cornell and Columbia to share less commonly taught languages, offer several languages that are not otherwise taught on our campuses, via videoconferencing from a partner institution in the CLS Shared Course Initiative). New Haven, CT: Yale University.
Zanuttini, Raffaella. 2013. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GV7ePmOoGacSo social: linguistic pride for grammatical diversity]. New Haven, CT: YaleCampus Youtube Channel.
 
Zanuttini, Raffaella. 2013. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GV7ePmOoGacSo social: linguistic pride for grammatical diversity]. New Haven, CT: YaleCampus Youtube channel.
 
 
===Select Video Conferences===
 
 
===Select Video with Subtitles for Translation===
 
 
===Select Videocasts and Podcasts===
 
 
Line 2,362 ⟶ 2,304:
 
Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 2013. [http://www.ethnologue.com Ethnologue: Languages of the World]. Seventeenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
 
Hammarström, Harald & Forkel, Robert & Haspelmath, Martin & Nordhoff, Sebastian. 2014.
Glottolog 2.3. (Available online at http://glottolog.org, Accessed on 2015-01-12. Lists 7,870 languages currently. Glottolog is an initiative of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology). Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
 
Languages and Multilingualism. 2012. [http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/cultural-diversity/languages-and-multilingualism/ Languages and Multilingualism]. UNESCO.org.
Line 2,376 ⟶ 2,321:
World Oral Literature Project. 2012. [http://www.oralliterature.org/
World Oral Literature Project - voices of vanishing worlds]. Cambridge, UK: University of Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.
 
 
===Select Wikidata Queries===
 
 
===Select Wikis===
 
WIL: Wiki for Indigenous Languages. 2013. [http://wil.cdh.ucla.edu/ WIL: Wiki for Indigenous Languages]. (Indigenous Language Revitalization Links; see, too David Shorter's Center for Digital Humanities' UCLA web page - http://www.cdh.ucla.edu/people/faculty/434-david-shorter-short-bio.html). Los Angeles, CA: wil.cdh.ucla.edu .
 
 
WikiBase (http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Wikibase_Client)
 
WikiData (http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikidata)
 
 
===Select Workshops===
 
 
===Select Writers, Researchers, etc.===
 
 
===Subjects' Social Networking Sites===
 
 
===Tutoring===
 
 
===Wikimedia Commons===
 
Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
 
 
===Wikipedia===
 
Wikipedia: https://www.wikipedia.org/
 
 
===Wikiquotes===
 
Wikiquotes: https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Main_Page
 
 
===Wikisource===
 
Wikisource: https://wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page
 
 
===Wikivoyage===
 
Wikivoyage: https://www.wikivoyage.org/
 
 
Line 2,390 ⟶ 2,382:
 
English as a Second Language: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/English_as_a_Second_Language
 
European languages: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/European_languages
 
Foreign Languages and Literatures: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Foreign_Languages_and_Literatures
 
Indigenous languages of the Americas: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas
 
Language: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Language
Line 2,408 ⟶ 2,402:
 
Papuan languages: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Papuan_languages
 
Translators at WUaS: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Translators_at_WUaS
 
United Nations: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/United_Nations
Line 2,413 ⟶ 2,409:
Voice and Computing: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Voice_and_Computing
 
WUaS Universal Translator: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/WUaS_Universal_Translator
 
 
 
 
 
 
Line 2,434 ⟶ 2,426:
===Academic Press at World University and School===
 
Academic Press at World University and School: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/Academic_Press_at_World_University_and_School
 
 
Line 2,447 ⟶ 2,439:
===Admissions at World University and School===
 
Admissions' Department: httphhttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/Admissions_at_World_University_and_School
 
Flyer seeking degree-oriented, WUaS students: 'Quaker-informed World University & School seeks friendly, undergraduate students for free, online, Greatest Universities-centric, bachelor’s degrees to apply in the autumn of 2013, for matriculation in autumn 2014' - http://scottmacleod.com/WUaSFriendsFlyerforProspectiveStudentApplicants.pdf - and accessible here, also - http://scottmacleod.com/WUaSNoticeArchive.html. WUaS holds open, electronically-mediated, hour-long, monthly business meeting on the second Saturdays at 9 am Pacific Time, in the manner of Quakers - email worlduniversityandschool@gmail.com if you'd like to participate.
 
 
===Assistive Technologies===
 
WUaS plans to anticipate numerous developing assistive technologies for sight-impaired, hearing-impaired, and similar -
 
Assistive Technologies: hhttps://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Assistive_Technologies
 
Flyer seeking degree-oriented, WUaS students: 'Quaker-informed World University & School seeks friendly, undergraduate students for free, online, MIT OCW-centric, bachelor’s degrees to apply in the autumn of 2013, for matriculation in autumn 2014' - http://scottmacleod.com/WUaSFriendsFlyerforProspectiveStudentApplicants.pdf - and accessible here, also - http://scottmacleod.com/WUaSNoticeArchive.html. WUaS holds open, electronically-mediated, hour-long, monthly business meeting on the second Saturdays at 9 am Pacific Time, in the manner of Quakers - email worlduniversityandschool@gmail.com if you'd like to participate.
 
 
Line 2,459:
===Bookstore / Computer Store (New & Used) at World University and School===
 
Bookstore / Computer Store (New & Used) at WUaS: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/Bookstore_/_Computer_Store_%28New_%26_Used%29_at_WUaS
 
with educational electronics, as well;
Line 2,465:
value pricing ... 2% below market, consistently;
available via mail and electronically;
 
 
===Bulletin Board (like University Bulletin Boards for Students)===
 
to post things you have for sale, or announcements
 
 
===Calendar (Schedule what you'd like to teach)===
 
Calendar: https://www.google.com/calendar/
 
Join the World University and School Google + Group to add to its wiki-like calendar to teach an open, free class or course, converse about ideas, and jam (e.g. musically or theater improvisation): https://plus.google.com/u/0/b/108179352492243955816/ .
Line 2,474 ⟶ 2,481:
===Careers===
 
Career counseling: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/Career_counseling
 
Finding / creating a job you really love: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/Finding_/_creating_a_job_you_really_love
 
WUaS Job hunting: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/WUaS_Job_hunting
 
 
===Counseling===
 
Counseling: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/Counseling
 
 
===Coordinates===
 
Geodetic datums such as WGS84 or GPS
 
Geohash keys
 
... in a virtual world
Line 2,498 ⟶ 2,509:
 
Please feel free to hyperlink your name to a location of your choice (or tell WUaS where to link to - worlduniversityandschool@gmail.com). Please do not hesitate to let WUaS know if you think that somebody (including yourself) has been forgotten, now or in the future; please include a URL, which is, of course, one main way identity created on the internet.
 
 
 
===Digital and Print course catalog===
 
Digital course catalog
 
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1VRHhXYsk-V9lvSh5onaU2hnEhwoapSN7HyBK1P09LIk/edit?usp=sharing
 
 
 
Line 2,508 ⟶ 2,528:
 
 
Broadcast to radio frequencyfrequencies
 
 
Broadcast to TV / television
 
 
Line 2,520 ⟶ 2,540:
 
 
Google Glass
MIT OCW Mirror Site Instructions: http://ocw.mit.edu/about/mirror-site-program/mirror-site-instructions/
 
 
OCW Mirror Site Instructions: http://ocw.mit.edu/about/mirror-site-program/mirror-site-instructions/
 
 
Oculus Rift
 
 
Line 2,546 ⟶ 2,572:
===Free Degrees / Credit===
 
MIT OCW Audio Video Courses:
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/audio-video-courses/
 
Admissions at World University and School: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/Admissions_at_World_University_and_School
 
Conference Method of Teaching and Learning: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/Conference_Method_of_Teaching_and_Learning
 
The College at World University and School: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/The_College_at_World_University_and_School
 
Ph.D. Degrees at World University and School: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/Ph.D._Degrees_at_World_University_and_School
 
World University Law School: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/World_University_Law_School
 
World University Medical School: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/World_University_Medical_School
 
World University Music School: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/World_University_Music_School
 
WUaS International Baccalaureate Diploma and Programme: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/WUaS_International_Baccalaureate_Diploma_and_Programme
</br />
(beginning with United Nations' languages - Arabic, Chinese (Mandarin), English, French, (German too), Russian, Spanish)
 
 
Line 2,575 ⟶ 2,601:
===In Virtual World===
 
(Search on the word 'lists' here, too: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Virtual_Worlds)
3D Learn. 2013. http://www.learningin3d.info/
 
Active Worlds Educational Universe (AWEDU). 2012. http://www.activeworlds.com/edu/
 
Alice. 2012. http://www.alice.org/
Line 2,587 ⟶ 2,613:
Gifted Kids.ie. 2013. http://www.giftedkids.ie/daynuv.html
 
Google Street View. 2017. https://www.google.com/streetview/
ISTE – SIGMS. 2013. http://sigms.iste.wikispaces.net/secondlifeplayground2010
 
Kaneva. 2014. http://www.kaneva.com/
 
Open Cobalt. 2013. http://www.opencobalt.org/
Line 2,600 ⟶ 2,628:
 
Quest Atlantis. 2012. http://atlantisremixed.org/ (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZoT3pilNPI).
 
SimScience. 2012. http://simscience.org/
 
Second Life - Harvard's virtual island. 2012. http://slurl.com/secondlife/Berkman/115/53/25 - and teach, learn and share ideas - in group voice chat, or in group type chat, and via building.
 
SmallWorlds. 2014. https://www.smallworlds.com/
 
There.com. 2014. http://www.there.com/
 
Twinity. 2014. http://www.twinity.com/en/choose-your-free-avatar
 
Unity3D. 2012. http://unity3d.com/
 
WiloStar3D. 2013. https://www.wilostar3d.com/
 
World of Warcraft in School. 2014. http://wowinschool.pbworks.com/w/page/5268731/FrontPage
 
 
 
Line 2,630 ⟶ 2,665:
 
 
Academia.edu'sAbout Me - World University and School - http://worlduniversityandschool.academia.edu/
http://about.me
 
 
DeliciousAcademia.comedu's World University and School - http://wwwworlduniversityandschool.deliciousacademia.comedu/WorldUniversityandSchool
 
 
Facebook.com's World University and School - http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=48753608141 ('This group may be archived').
Line 2,670 ⟶ 2,705:
 
Twitter.com's World University and School - http://twitter.com/WorldUnivandSch
 
 
Wer Kennt Wen - World University and School - http://www.wer-kennt-wen.de/
 
 
Line 2,679 ⟶ 2,717:
 
Yahoo Groups' World University and School: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/worlduniversityandschool/
 
 
===Linked Open Data===
 
Linked Open Data, Linked Data for artificial intelligence and machine learning, with a focus on privacy and security.
 
 
 
===List of Wikipedias===
 
List of Wikipedias. 2015. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias List of Wikipedias]. meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias .
 
 
Line 2,685 ⟶ 2,734:
 
 
===Save this page for download in the following formats===
 
atom
 
GeoJSON
 
csv.csvm
 
map.html
 
csv
 
xls
 
rdf
 
klm
 
 
Line 2,695 ⟶ 2,761:
 
 
Google + HangoutsMeets - https://plusmeet.google.com/hangouts
 
 
Line 2,702 ⟶ 2,768:
 
Livestream TV - http://www.livestream.com
 
 
UnHangouts - https://unhangout.media.mit.edu/
 
 
Line 2,725 ⟶ 2,794:
AnyMeeting - http://anymeeting.com/homepage/
 
Google Meet - https://meet.google.com
 
Meeting Burner - http://www.meetingburner.com/index?page=signup-v2 – up to 15 connection
Google + Hangout - https://tools.google.com/dlpage/hangoutplugin
 
ooVoo - http://www.oovoo.com/home.aspx
 
Paltalk - http://www.paltalk.com
 
sifonr - free communication - http://www.sifonr.com/‎
 
Tokbox | OpenTok - API - http://tokbox.com/opentok
 
Vyew - http://vyew.com/
 
Web Huddle - https://www.webhuddle.com/homepage.jsp - http://sourceforge.net/projects/webhuddle/
 
Zoom.us - Cloud HD Video Meetings - http://zoom.us/
Line 2,735 ⟶ 2,816:
=== Universal Translator at WUaS ===
 
httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/WUaS_Universal_Translator
 
Google Translate language:
Line 2,742 ⟶ 2,823:
 
Region:
 
 
'''Select Translators'''
 
Babelxl. 2015. [http://babelxl.com/ Babelxl: the best translator]. http://babelxl.com/ .
 
Babylon Online Translation. 2015. [http://translation.babylon.com/ Babylon Online Translation]. (Offering hundreds of dictionaries and translation in more than 800 language pairs). translation.babylon.com/ .
 
Free-translator.com. 2015. [http://free-translator.com/ Free-translator.com]. free-translator.com/ .
 
Google Translate. 2015. [https://translate.google.com/ Google Translate]. translate.google.com/ .
 
SDL Free Translation. 2015. [http://www.freetranslation.com/ SDL Free Translation]. freetranslation.com/ .
 
Word Lingo Free Translation Tools. 2015. [http://www.worldlingo.com/en/products/ Word Lingo Free Translation Tools and Machine Translation Products]. worldlingo.com/en/products/ .
 
 
'''Select Video with Subtitles for Translation'''
 
Amara.org. 2015. [http://www.amara.org/en/ Amara.org: Captions, subtitles, and translations simplified]. (Amara makes video globally accessible: Captions, subtitles, and translations simplified). amara.org/en/
 
TED Open Translation Project. 2015. [https://www.ted.com/about/programs-initiatives/ted-open-translation-project TED Open Translation Project]. (See - https://www.ted.com/about/programs-initiatives/ted-open-translation-project - and - https://www.ted.com/participate/translate/get-started). ted.com/about/programs-initiatives/ted-open-translation-project .
 
 
===The "Universitian" Newspaper at World University and School===
 
[[The "Universitian" Newspaper at World University and SchoolWUaS]]
 
 
Line 2,758 ⟶ 2,861:
 
 
Wet Paint - http://wikisineducation.wetpaintwikifoundry.com/
 
 
Line 2,772 ⟶ 2,875:
 
 
===World University and School Licensing===
 
===World University and School Accreditation===
 
World University and School incorporated as a nonprofit in April 2010 and is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt charity, as of 2011.
 
World University & School is a community of learners and teachers who value — and are themselves strengthened by — the rich diversity of its participants. In order to cultivate a flourishing teaching, learning and creating conversation in a diverse and complex world, WUaS welcomes all languages, students, families, faculty, board members, and staff with differences based on (but not limited to) race, color, ethnicity, religion, age, gender, sexual orientation, family structure, and economic background.
 
===World University and School Licensing===
All content on this site is freely available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ .
 
World University and School - like Wikipedia with Greatest Universities' OpenCourseWare - incorporated as a nonprofit effective April 2010 and is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt, educational organization charity.
The World University and School program is not endorsed by MIT or MIT OpenCourseWare.
 
World University & School is a community of learners and teachers who value — and are themselves strengthened by — the rich diversity of its participants. In order to cultivate a flourishing teaching, learning and creating conversation in a diverse and complex world, WUaS welcomes all languages, students, families, faculty, board members, and staff with differences based on (but not limited to) race, color, ethnicity, religion, age, gender, sexual orientation, family structure, and economic background.
 
All content on this site is freely available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ .
 
 
 
 
===World University and School Main Areas===
 
<br />
WUaS: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/World_University
<br />
Admissions' Department: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Admissions_at_World_University_and_School
Courses: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Courses
<br />
Courses: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Courses
Subjects: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Subjects
<br />
Subjects: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Subjects
Languages: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Languages
<br />
Languages: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Languages
Library Resources: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Library_Resources
<br />
Library Resources: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Library_Resources
Nation States: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Nation_States
<br />
Nation States: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Nation_States
You at World University: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/You_at_World_University
<br />
You at World University: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/You_at_World_University
Educational Software: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Educational_Software
<br />
Educational Software: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Educational_Software
Museums: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Museums
<br />
Museums: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Museums
Research: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Research
<br />
Research: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Research
Hardware Resource Possibilities: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Hardware_Resource_Possibilities
<br />
Hardware Resource Possibilities: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Hardware_Resource_Possibilities
<br />
Frequently Asked Questions at World University & School:
httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/Frequently_Asked_Questions
<br />
World University Foundation: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/World_University_Foundation
 
 
===Templates at World University and School===
 
<br />
LANGUAGE TEMPLATE: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/LANGUAGE_TEMPLATE
<br />
LIBRARY TEMPLATE: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/LIBRARY_TEMPLATE
<br />
MUSEUM TEMPLATE: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/MUSEUM_TEMPLATE
<br />
SUBJECTNATION STATE TEMPLATE: httphttps://worlduniversitywiki.wikiaworlduniversityandschool.comorg/wiki/SUBJECT_TEMPLATENATION_STATE_TEMPLATE
<br />
SUBJECT TEMPLATE: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/SUBJECT_TEMPLATE
Volunteers at World University and School: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Volunteers
 
<br />
Volunteers at World University and School: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/Volunteers
Home: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/World_University
 
<br />
Home: https://wiki.worlduniversityandschool.org/wiki/World_University
<br />
For questions, or help editing a page, email: worlduniversityandschool@gmail.com
<br />
 
WUaS's Guidestar.org listing -
https://www.guidestar.org/organizations/27-3105368/world-university-school.aspx .
 
<br />
Please donate through PayPal to tax-exempt - 501 (c) (3) - World University and School at
<br />
http://scottmacleod.com/worlduniversityandschool.htmorg
<br />
Thank you!