Primatology



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which anyone can add to or edit.

The Global, Virtual/Digital, Open, Free, {potentially Degree- and Credit-Granting},

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where anyone can teach or take a class or course


 * Add or take a free, open Primatology course.

Primatology

 * Add free, open Primatology subjects below.

Ideas
I'm curious both about an 'ecology of attention,' (where ecology refers to what is examined in, for example, this textbook: Elements of Ecology (8th Edition) - see, too, Ecology: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Ecology) with implications for humans as primates ... and for psychiatry, psychology, as well as psychotherapy, within the family in particular, as well as an ecology of sociocultural processes, such as, for example, the effects of Quaker socioculture, as one of millions of 'sociocultural processes' and their effects, in modernity, - on neurophysiology, and, in terms of 'troopbondage' (see John Money 1988) - vis-a-vis other groups (e.g. city hall folks in S.F., tourists, GLBTQ, the Chinese American community, homeless people, musical groups, etc., as human primates), - both of which may make interesting, WUaS, wiki, Subject pages in the future.

Publish my article in a WUaS academic journal in this subject
Open Journal Systems. 2012. Open Journal Systems. Public Knowledge Project.

(WUaS's wiki, information technologies and criteria for this are developing, since you can already publish your article at http://www.academia.edu).

Select Bibliographies
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology Publications. 2011-1998. Publications. Leipzig, Germany: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

Select Blogs
Best primatology blogs. 2011. 20 Best Blogs for Primatology Students. (http://primatology.net/2010/11/04/20-best-blogs-for-primatology-students/). primatology.net.

Select Book Groups, Study Groups, Musical Groups, etc.
Begin a Google + Hangout: https://plus.google.com/u/0/108179352492243955816/posts

Calendar: https://www.google.com/calendar/

Select Book Reviews
Jenkins, Steve. 2011. Jane Goodall’s Childhood Fascinations. May 12. New York, NY: The New York Times.

Lewis, Susan K. 2010. What We're Reading: Bonobo Handshake. May 25. PBS.

Ridley, Mark. 1996. DEMONIC MALES: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence. October 27. New York, NY: The New York Times.

Somit, Albert. 1990. [http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/174228?uid=3739560&uid=2134&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21101338007431 Humans, Chimps, and Bonobos. The Biological Bases of Aggression, War, and Peacemaking]. . Review of 3 books. Vol. 34, No. 3 (Sep., 1990), pp. 553-582. The Journal of Conflict Resolution.

Select Books
Campbell, Christina J., Agustín Fuentes, Katherine C. MacKinnon, Melissa Panger, and Simon K. Bearder (eds.). 2006. Primates in Perspective. Oxford University Press.

Gomez, Juan Carlos. 2006. Apes, Monkeys, Children, and the Growth of Mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Goodall, Jane. 1986. The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior. (illus.) Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.

Goodall, Jane and Phillip Berman. 2000. Reason for Hope: A Spiritual Journey. Grand Central Publishing.

Fouts, Roger S. & Mills, Stephen Tukel. 1997. Next of Kin: My Conversations with Chimpanzees. William Morrow.

Hrdy, Sarah Blaffer. 1999. The Woman That Never Evolved: With a New Preface and Bibliographical Updates, Revised Edition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

King, Barbara J. 2007. Evolving God: A Provocative View on the Origins of Religion. Doubleday Religion.

Matsuzawa, Tetsuro; Humle, Tatyana; Sugiyama, Yukimaru (Eds.). 2011. The Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba. Springer Primatology Monographs.

Muller, Martin N. and Richard W. Wrangham. 2009. Sexual Coercion in Primates and Humans: An Evolutionary Perspective on Male Aggression Against Females. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

de Waal, Frans. 2009. Primates and Philosophers: How Morality Evolved. (Edited by Stephen Macedo & Josiah Ober). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

de Waal, Frans B. M. and by Frans Lanting (illus.). 1997. Bonobo: The Forgotten Ape. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Woods, Vanessa. 2010. Bonobo Handshake: A Memoir of Love and Adventure in the Congo. (http://www.bonobohandshake.com/). Gotham.

Washburn, David A., Duane M. Rumbaugh (eds.). 2006. Primate Perspectives on Behavior And Cognition. Amer Psychological Assn.

Wrangham, Richard and Dale Peterson. 1996. Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Select Communities, Email lists, etc.
(See also editable World University and School's 'You at World University' page: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/You_at_World_University).

Select Films
Marsh, James. 2011. Project Nim. Red Box Films, Passion Pictures, BBC Films.

Patterson, Penny. 1999. A Conversation with Koko. (VHS). (See Youtube video below). New York, NY: Nature Video Library/Thirteen/WNET.

Schroeder, Barbet. 1978. Koko: A Talking Gorilla. (with Dr. Penny Patterson). France: Criterion Collection.

Select Labs
Comparative Cognition Lab. 2013. Comparative Cognition Lab. (http://www.yale.edu/caplab/Main/Links.html). New Haven, CT: Yale University.

Select Libraries, Archives, Collections, etc.
(See also editable World University and School's Library Resources' page: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Library_Resources).

Select Museums
(See also editable World University and School's Museums' page: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Museums).

Select Photos
JANE GOODALL 2014. JANE GOODALL. pinterest.com/chicknlady56/jane-goodall/.

Gutgesell, Volker. 2011. Ape close and personal: Stunning images which capture primates at their most unguarded. London, UK: The Daily Mail.

Select References
Alcayna-Stevens, Lys. 2013. 'In the Shadow of Man': An Exploration of Pan-Human Perspectives in a Catalonian Chimpanzee Sanctuary. academia.edu.

Bartlett, Roscoe G. 2011. Stop Using Chimps as Guinea Pigs. August 10. New York, NY: The New York Times.

Bhando, Sindya N. 2013. Milk of Human Kindness Also Found in Bonobos. January 7. New York, NY: The New York Times.

Callaway, Ewen. 2012. 'Hippie chimp' genome sequenced. June 13. Nature.

Chimpanzees Successfully Play the Ultimatum Game: Apes' Sense of Fairness Confirmed. 2013. Chimpanzees Successfully Play the Ultimatum Game: Apes' Sense of Fairness Confirmed. January 14. Science Daily.

Egan, L., Bloom, P., & Santos, L. R. (2010). Choice-induced preferences in the absence of choice: Evidence from a blind two-choice paradigm with young children and capuchin monkeys. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46. 204-207.

Fuentes, Agustín. 2010. Session 10: The Chimpanzees. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame.

Gorman, James. 2013. Changing Perspectives Propel Chimp Protections. June 15. New York, NY: The New York Times.

Gorman, James. 2011. Chimps’ Days in Labs May Be Dwindling. November 14. New York, NY: The New York Times.

The Great Apes. 2005. The Great Apes. Cambridge, MA: ocw.mit.edu/courses/brain-and-cognitive-sciences/9-20-animal-behavior-fall-2005/lecture-notes/class28_video.pdf.

Hambleton, Laura. 2011. Primatologist Jane Goodall, 77, talks about how chimps and humans age. December 5. Washington, DC: The Washington Post.

Johnson, Eric Michael. 2011. Frans de Waal on Political Apes, Science Communication, and Building a Cooperative Society. July 11. blogs.scientificamerican.com.

Johnson, Eric Michael. 2012. [http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/primate-diaries/2012/07/09/the-good-fight/ The Good Fight: Prominent scientists are in a bitter struggle over the origins of kindness. But the root of this conflict may be the most ironic part of all.]. July 9. (The Primate Diaries: Notes on science, politics, and history from a primate in the human zoo.). blogs.scientificamerican.com/primate-diaries/2012/07/09/the-good-fight/.

Lakshminarayanan, V., Chen, M. K., & Santos, L. R. (2011). The evolution of decision-making under risk: Framing effects in monkey risk preferences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47. 689-693.

Lakshminarayanan, V. & Santos, L. R. (2008). Capuchin monkeys are sensitive to others? welfare. Current Biology, 18. R999-R1000.

Mackinnon, K and 4 others. 2014. Code of Best Practices for Field Primatology. academia.edu/9413648/Code_of_Best_Practices_for_Field_Primatology.

Mahajan, N., Martinez, M., Gutierrez, N., Diesendruck, G., Banaji, M., & Santos, L. R. 2011. The evolution of intergroup bias: Perception and attitudes in rhesus macaques. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(3). 387-405.

McCarthy, Maureen. 2012. Chimps in Uganda: Two weeks and counting. September 10. Scientific American.

Neuman, Scott. 2014. Killing Comes Naturally To Chimps, Scientists Say. ("In observing bonobos (the closely related but less-violent cousins of chimpanzees), Wrangham observed peaceful communities based on a power-sharing arrangement between males and females. Chimps, by contrast, live in patriarchal groups where dominant males run roughshod over compliant females. ... The reason for the difference, he concludes, is sex selection. Female chimps select aggressive males as mates; female bonobos don't"). Sept. 22. npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/09/18/349564036/killing-comes-naturally-to-chimps-scientists-say.

Nowak, Katarzyna. 2013. Mangrove and Peat Swamp Forests: Refuge Habitats for Primates and Felids. Princeton, N.J.: Academia.edu.

Phillips, W., Shankar, M., & Santos, L. R. (2010). Essentialism in the absence of language? Evidence from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Developmental Science, 13(4). F1-F7.

rhettb. 2012. Unusual Discovery of New African Monkey Species. September 14. science.slashdot.org

Ritvo, Harriet. 2010. Things to think about: Primatology Cambridge, MA: MIT Open Course Ware.

sciencehabit. 2014. Chimpanzee "Personhood" Is Back In Court. October 08. science.slashdot.org/story/14/10/08/2129207/chimpanzee-personhood-is-back-in-court.

sciencehabit. 2013. Lawsuits Seek To Turn Chimpanzees Into Legal Persons. December 02. science.slashdot.org/story/13/12/02/2027259/lawsuits-seeks-to-turn-chimpanzees-into-legal-persons.

Stumpf. R. 2007. Chimpanzees and Bonobos: Diversity within and between species (Chapter 19 in Primates in Perspective. 2007. J. Campbell. A. Fuentes. K.C. McKinnon. M. Panger. S.K. Bearder). Oxford University Press.

vikingpower. 2011. NIH Restricts Use of Chimpanzees in Labs. December 16. science.slashdot.org

de Waal, Frans. 2010. Frans de Waal on the human primate: Strength is weakness. July 22. blogs.scientificamerican.com.

Wilson, Michael L., Christophe Boesch, Barbara Fruth, Takeshi Furuichi, Ian C. Gilby, Chie Hashimoto, Catherine L. Hobaiter, Gottfried Hohmann, Noriko Itoh, Kathelijne Koops, Julia N. Lloyd, Tetsuro Matsuzawa, John C. Mitani, Deus C. Mjungu, David Morgan, Martin N. Muller, Roger Mundry, Michio Nakamura, Jill Pruetz, Anne E. Pusey, Julia Riedel, Crickette Sanz, Anne M. Schel, Nicole Simmons, Michel Waller, David P. Watts, Frances White, Roman M. Wittig, Klaus Zuberbuehler, and Richard W. Wrangham. 2014. Lethal aggression in Pan is better explained by adaptive strategies than human impacts. academia.edu/8390922/Lethal_aggression_in_Pan_is_better_explained_by_adaptive_strategies_than_human_impacts.

Yirka, Bob. 2012. New research suggests apes have human-like personalities. May 28. PhysOrg.com

Apes and Sign Language

Cohen, Jon. 2010. Boxed About the Ears, Ape Language Research Field Is Still Standing. April 2, Vol. 328 no. 5974 pp. 38-39. Science.

Fouts, Roger S. 1973. Acquisition and testing of gestural signs in four young chimpanzees. (180, pp. 978-980). Science.

Fouts, Roger S.; Fouts, Deborah H. & Waters, G. 2002. The ethics and efficacy of biomedical research in chimpanzees with special regard to HIV research. (in A. Fuentes & L. Wolfe, Primates face to face: Conservation implications of human-nonhuman primate interconnections, pp. 45-60). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

King, Mary-Claire. 1973. Protein polymorphisms in chimpanzee and human evolution. (Doctoral dissertation). Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley.

Bonobo chimpanzee (Pan paniscus)

Dreifus, Claudia. 2011. A Conversation With Brian Hare and Vanessa Woods: Why Bonobos Don’t Kill Each Other. July 5. New York, NY: The New York Times.

Hare, Brian. 2010. Bonobo Bliss. Mar 19. Living on Earth

Lang, Kristina Cawthon. 2005. Bonobo - Pan paniscus. Madison, WI: Primate Info Net.

de Waal, Frans B. M. 1999. Bonobo, Sex and Society. In Sussman, Robert W. Biological Basis of Behavior: Critical Review (2nd ed.). Pp. 114 - 120. Pearson / Prentice Hall.

Common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

Biro, Dora, Tatyana Humle, Kathelijne Koops, Claudia Sousa, Misato Hayashi and Tetsuro Matsuzawa. 2010?. Chimpanzeemothers at Bossou, Guinea carry themummifed remains of their dead infants. Vol 20 No 8. Current Biology.

Georgiev, A. V., A. F. Russell, M. Emery Thompson, E. Otali, M. N. Muller, R. W. Wrangham. 2014. The Foraging Costs of Mating Effort in Male Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). Chicago, IL: academia.edu/7817902/The_Foraging_Costs_of_Mating_Effort_in_Male_Chimpanzees_Pan_troglodytes_schweinfurthii_.

KOOPS, KATHELIJNE, CASPAR SCHÖNING, WILLIAM C. MCGREW AND TETSURO MATSUZAWA. 2014. Chimpanzees Prey on Army Ants at Seringbara, Nimba Mountains, Guinea:Predation Patterns and Tool Use Characteristics. academia.edu/8784810/Chimpanzees_Prey_on_Army_Ants_at_Seringbara_Nimba_Mountains_Guinea_Predation_Patterns_and_Tool_Use_Characteristics.

KOSKI, SONJA E., KATHELIJNE KOOPS, AND ELISABETH H.M. STERCK. 2007. Reconciliation, Relationship Quality, and Postconﬂict Anxiety: Testing the Integrated Hypothesisin Captive Chimpanzees. 69:1–15. American Journal of Primatology.

Lang, Kristina Cawthon. 2005. Chimpanzee - Pan troglodytes. Madison, WI: Primate Info Net.

McGrew, William C. 2010. Evolution: Chimpanzee Technology. Science 30 April 2010: Vol. 328. no. 5978, pp. 579 - 580, DOI: 10.1126/science.1187921. Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science.

KOOPS, KATHELIJNE, TATYANA HUMLE, ELISABETH H. M. STERCK, AND TETSURO MATSUZAWA. 2007. Ground-Nesting by the Chimpanzees of the NimbaMountains, Guinea: Environmentally or Socially Determined?. 69:1–13. American Journal of Primatology.

Koops, Kathelijne, William C. McGrew, and Tetsuro Matsuzawa. 2010. [http://cambridge.academia.edu/KathelijneKoops/Papers/1797320/Do_chimpanzees_Pan_troglodytes_use_cleavers_and_anvils_to_fracture_Treculia_africana_fruits_Preliminary_data_on_a_new_form_of_percussive_technology Do chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) use cleavers and anvils to fracture Treculia africana fruits? Preliminary data on a new form of percussive technology]. 51:175–178. Primates.

Koops, Kathelijne, William C. McGrew, Han de Vries, Tetsuro Matsuzawa. 2012. [Nest-building by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Seringbara, Nimba Mountains: Anti-predation, thermoregulation and anti-vector hypotheses]. 33:356–380. Int J Primatol.

Kathelijne Koops, William C. McGrew, Tetsuro Matsuzawa, and Leslie A. Knapp. 2012. Terrestrial Nest-Building by Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Implications for the Tree-to-Ground SleepTransition in Early Hominins. 148:351–361. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY.

MOEBIUS, YASMIN, CHRISTOPHE BOESCH, KATHELIJNE KOOPS, TETSURO MATSUZAWA, TATYANA HUMLE. 2008. [http://cambridge.academia.edu/KathelijneKoops/Papers/1797322/Cultural_differences_in_army_ant_predation_by_West_African_chimpanzees_A_comparative_study_of_microecological_variables Cultural differences in army ant predation by West Africanchimpanzees? A comparative study of microecological variables]. 76: 37-45 ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR.

Tierney, John. 2010. When It Comes to Sex, Chimps Need Help, Too. May 3. New York, NY: The New York Times.

Viegas, Jennifer. 2010. Chimps Engage in 'War' for Turf. JUN 21. news.discovery.com.

Wade, Nicholas. 2010. Chimps, Too, Wage War and Annex Rival Territory. June 21. New York, NY: The New York Times.

'  Common Chimpanzee War, Aggression, Violence' 

de Waal, Frans B. M. 1992. Aggression as a Well-Integrated Part of Primate Social Relationships: A Critique of the Seville Statement on Violence. (Chapter 2 in "Aggression and Peacefulness in Humans and Other Primates" edited by James Silverberg, J. Patrick Gray). Oxford, USA: Oxford University Press. Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, Mariko, Richard W. Byrne, Hiroyuki Takasaki, Jennifer M.E. Byrne. 1986. [Aggression toward Large Carnivores by Wild Chimpanzees of Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania]. Folia Primatologica - International Journal of Primatology.

Killer instincts. 2010. [http://www.economist.com/node/16422404 Killer instincts: Like humans, chimpanzees can engage in guerrilla warfare with their neighbours. As with humans, the prize is more land]. June 24. The Economist.

Mitani, John C., David P. Watts, and Sylvia J. Amsler. 2010. Lethal intergroup aggression leads to territorial expansion in wild chimpanzees. Volume 20, Issue 12, R507-R508, 22 June. Current Biology.

Wilson, Michael L., Richard W. Wrangham. 2003. INTERGROUP RELATIONS IN CHIMPANZEES. 32:363–92. Annu. Rev. Anthropol.

Comparative Studies of Pan paniscus and Pan troglodytes

Savage-Rumbaugh, E. Sue, and Beverly J. Wilkerson. 1978. Socio-sexual behavior in Pan paniscus and Pan troglodytes: A comparative study. Volume 7, Issue 4, May 1978, Pages 327-344. Journal of Human Evolution

Culture and Chimpanzees

Bradshaw. G. A. 2010. An Ape Among Many: Animal Co-Authorship and Trans-species Epistemic Authority. 2010, 18:15–30. Configurations.

Bradshaw. G. A. 2010. We, Matata: Bicultural Living among Apes,” Spring: 83: 163–184.. A Journal of Archetype and Culture.

Savage-Rumbaugh, Sue, Kanzi Wamba, Panbanisha Wamba, and Nyota Wamba. 2007. Welfare of Apes in Captive Environments: Comments On, and By, a Specific Group of Apes. 10(1), 7–19. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science/Lawrence Erlbaum.

Eastern Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri)

Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata)

Suzuki, Akira. 1963. An ecological study of wild Japanese monkeys in snowy areas - Focused on Their Food Habits. Volume 6, Number 1, 31-72. SpringerLink.

"In Shiga Heights in central Japan, the macaques enter and remain in hot springs in the winter, probably to regulate their body temperature behaviorally (Hori et al. 1977)."

Mountain Gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei)

Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Fossey, Diane. 1983. Gorillas in the Mist. Mariner Books.

Human (Homo sapiens)

Primates: Apes, monkeys, and you. 2010. Primates: Apes, monkeys, and you. Berkeley, CA: UC Berkeley.

Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata)

Suzuki, Akira. 1963. An ecological study of wild Japanese monkeys in snowy areas - Focused on Their Food Habits. Volume 6, Number 1, 31-72. SpringerLink.

"In Shiga Heights in central Japan, the macaques enter and remain in hot springs in the winter, probably to regulate their body temperature behaviorally (Hori et al. 1977)."

Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii)

Galdikas, Birute M. F. 1996. Reflections of Eden: My Years with the Orangutans of Borneo. Back Bay Books.

Singer, Peter. 2001. Heavy Petting. utilitarian.net - Nerve.

Primates and Experiments

Chimpanzees and Bonobos May Reveal Clues to Evolution of Favor Exchange in Humans. 2012. Chimpanzees and Bonobos May Reveal Clues to Evolution of Favor Exchange in Humans. Nov. 20. sciencedaily.com.

Chimpanzees in Laboratories. 2013. Chimpanzees in Laboratories. peta.org.

Dreifus, Claudia. 2010. Why Bonobos Don’t Kill Each Other. July 5. New York, NY: The New York Times.

Kanzi. 2013. Kanzi. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanzi.

Knight, Andrew. 2007. Chimpanzee experiments: Questionable contributions to biomedical progress. Tokyo, Japan: AATEX 14, Special Issue, 119-124. Proc. 6th World Congress on Alternatives & Animal Use in the Life Sciences.

Rosati, Alexandra G. and Brian Hare. 2013. Chimpanzees and Bonobos Exhibit Emotional Responses to Decision Outcomes. plosone.org.

' To be added

http://www.change.org/petitions/director-national-institutes-of-health-nih-release-the-rockville-15-to-a-chimpanzee-sanctuary

http://gregmankiw.blogspot.com/2012/08/monkey-dislike-unequal-pay.html

http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/05/close-encounters-with-homo-sapiens-closest-kin/

http://science.slashdot.org/story/12/09/14/2129257/monkeys-made-smarter-with-prosthetic-device

http://science.slashdot.org/story/13/12/12/142219/chimpanzee-personhood-lawsuits-fail-in-new-york-courts

Select Teachers with Email Addresses/Contact Information
Santos, Laurie R. 2013. Laurie R. Santos. (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/secretlife/scientists/laurie-santos/ ). New Haven, CT: Yale University.

Select Textbooks
Strier, Karen B. 2006. Primate Behavioral Ecology (3rd ed.). Allyn & Bacon.

Select Theses, Dissertations, Papers, etc.
Varsava, Nina Britt. 2007. Talking apes: the problem of anthropomorphous animals. Alberta, CA: University of Alberta.

Select Twitters
Darwin Monkey. 2013. Darwin Monkey. Edinburgh, UK: twitter.com/DarwinMonkey

Select Video and Audio
Ape Genius. 2011. Ape Genius. PBS Nova.

Clever Monkeys. 2011. Clever Monkeys. PBS Nova.

Dobbs, David. 2013. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GH9uDIhpd14 What Makes Us Who We Are? The Promise (and Perils) of Behavioral Genetics]. New Haven, CT: Yale University.

Goodall, Jane. 2002. Jane Goodall: What separates us from chimpanzees?. Monterey, CA: ted.com.

J.K. Rowling's Harvard commencement speech to be issued as book. 2014. J.K. Rowling's Harvard commencement speech to be issued as book. December 2. Cambridge, MA: cnn.com/2014/12/03/world/africa/gombe-chimps-jane-goodall-preservation/index.html.

Morris, Desmond. 2009. Desmond Morris on the Aquatic Ape Hypothesis. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_ape_hypothesis). London, England: BBC Knowledge.

de Waal, Frans. 2011. Frans de Waal: Moral behavior in animals. November. TED Talk.

Wallace, Danny. 2006. Chimps Are People, Too - Part 1. London, UK: BBC.

Wallace, Danny. 2006. Chimps Are People, Too - Part 1. London, UK: BBC.

Bonobo chimpanzee (Pan paniscus)

Behncke, Isabel. 2011. Isabel Behncke: Evolution's gift of play, from bonobo apes to humans. March. Monterey, CA: TED Talks.

Bonobo Sexual Behavior. 2001. BONOBO SEXUAL BEHAVIOR. youtube.com

Harris, Dan. 2008. Bonobo chimps on Nightline having sex aka conflict resolution!. ABC Nightline - Into the Wild

Naish, Darren. 2009. Zihlman's 'pygmy chimpanzee hypothesis'. ("Several bonobo-chimp hybrids were born in a circus in Belgium"). November 25. Science Blogs.

Psychology Teacher. 2009. Savage-Rumbaugh core study. youtube.com

Santos, Laurie. 2013. Laurie Santos: Experimental Psychologist - Q&A with Laurie. PBS.

Savage-Rumbaugh, Sue. 2004. Apes that write, start fires and play Pac-Man. Monterey, CA: TED Talks.

Savage-Rumbaugh, Sue. 2013?What Bonobos Can Teach Us. (At Great Ape Trust, TIME 100 honoree Dr. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh studies the cognitive development of bonobos, perhaps humankind's closest relatives). TIME.com.

Tehinfidel. 2010. Bonobos: Language Recognition, Play. youtube.com

Common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

Attenborough, David. 2008. Violent chimpanzee attack - Planet Earth - BBC wildlife. Britain: Planet Earth - BBC wildlife.

Goodall, Jane. 2011. Dr Jane Goodall on chimps, humans and happiness. June 7. (Audio). Australia: abc.net.au

Goodall, Jane. 2010. Jane Goodall: A Retrospective. National Geographic.

Goodall, Jane. 1976. Jane Goodalls Wild Chimpanzees pt1.

Goodall, Jane. 1976. Jane Goodalls Wild Chimpanzees pt2.

Goodall, Jane. 1976. [Jane Goodalls Wild Chimpanzees pt3].

Van Lawick, Hugo. 1976. People of the Forest The Chimps of Gombe pt1.

Van Lawick, Hugo. 1976. People of the Forest The Chimps of Gombe pt2.

Van Lawick, Hugo. 1976. [ People of the Forest The Chimps of Gombe pt3].

Van Lawick, Hugo. 1976. [ People of the Forest The Chimps of Gombe pt4].

Pitu23. 2010. Chimp Fight For Sex. Bush Gardens.

'  Common Chimpanzee War, Aggression, Violence' 

The cannibalism of the chimpanzee. 2009. The cannibalism of the chimpanzee. (In Japanese). YouTube.

Gang of Chimps Attack and Kill a Lone Chimp. 2010. Gang of Chimps Attack and Kill a Lone Chimp. Youtube.

Goodall, Jane. 1984. JANE GOODALL: AMONG THE WILD CHIMPANZEES 3 OF 3. (Flo dies here, and Jane also talks about chimp violence: male war and female 'killing'). Tanzania: National Geographic.

Weird, True and Freaky : Chimpanzee Cannibalism. 2009. Weird, True and Freaky : Chimpanzee Cannibalism. AnimalPlanetTV.

Eastern Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri)

Mountain Gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei)

Aleutian Dream. 2011. Touched by a Wild Mountain Gorilla (small version). Bwindi, Uganda: Bwindi National Park.

Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Patterson, Penny. 2008. Koko Loves: Conversations with a Signing Gorilla. Stanford, CA: Research Channel.

Human (Homo sapiens)

Ramirez, Janina. 2013. The Hundred Years War - Episode 1: Trouble In The Family (History Documentary). Oxford, England: All History Buff Youtube channel.

Wilson, E.O. 1998. Integrated Science and The Coming Century of The Environment. (http://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/31624.Edward_O_Wilson). 27 March: Vol. 279. no. 5359, pp. 2048 - 2049. Science.

Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii)

Attenborough, David. 2008. Attenborough: Amazing DIY Orangutans - BBC Earth. London, England: BBC Earth.

Buccaz. 2010. Orangutans Sex Fails. San Diego, CA: San Diego Zoo.

Jaws and Claws. 2008. Jaws and Claws 2: Orangutan Conflict. Animal Planet Video.

Wilkins, Gordon. 2009. Orangutans Having Sex at the National Zoo. National Zoo.

Rhesus Monkeys

Select Websites
European Federation for Primatology. 2013. E.F.P. - European Federation for Primatology. Italy: European Federation for Primatology.

Wisconsin Primate Research Center (WPRC) Library Primate Info Net. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Wikimedia Commons
Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

Wikipedia
Wikipedia: https://www.wikipedia.org/

Wikiquotes
Wikiquotes: https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Main_Page

Wikisource
Wikisource: https://wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page

Wikivoyage
Wikivoyage: https://www.wikivoyage.org/

World University and School Links
Animal Behavior: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Animal_Behavior

Animal Studies: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Animal_Studies

Anthropology: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Anthropology

Bonobo chimpanzee: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Bonobo_chimpanzee

Brain and Cognitive Sciences: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Brain_and_Cognitive_Sciences

Evolutionary_Biology: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Evolutionary_Biology

Language: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Language

Orangutan: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Orangutan

Primatology: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Primatology

Science: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Science

Social Science: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Social_Science

Veterinary Medicine: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Veterinary_Medicine

Academic Press at World University and School
Academic Press at World University and School: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Academic_Press_at_World_University_and_School

Access to Live, or Email, University Technical Expertise
Ask a question in a specific discipline, or find, for example, a Robotics' or Computer programmer, or Translator, easily and freely.

Admissions at World University and School
Admissions' Department: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Admissions_at_World_University_and_School

Flyer seeking degree-oriented, WUaS students: 'Quaker-informed World University & School seeks friendly, undergraduate students for free, online, Greatest Universities-centric, bachelor’s degrees to apply in the autumn of 2013, for matriculation in autumn 2014' - http://scottmacleod.com/WUaSFriendsFlyerforProspectiveStudentApplicants.pdf - and accessible here, also - http://scottmacleod.com/WUaSNoticeArchive.html. WUaS holds open, electronically-mediated, hour-long, monthly business meeting on the second Saturdays at 9 am Pacific Time, in the manner of Quakers - email worlduniversityandschool@gmail.com if you'd like to participate.

Digital and Print catalog

Assistive Technologies
WUaS plans to anticipate numerous developing assistive technologies for sight-impaired, hearing-impaired, and similar -

Assistive Technologies: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Assistive_Technologies

Blog at World University and School
http://worlduniversityandschool.blogspot.com/

Bookstore / Computer Store (New & Used) at World University and School
Bookstore / Computer Store (New & Used) at WUaS: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Bookstore_/_Computer_Store_%28New_%26_Used%29_at_WUaS

with educational electronics, as well; with musical instruments; value pricing ... 2% below market, consistently; available via mail and electronically;

Calendar (Schedule what you'd like to teach)
Calendar: https://www.google.com/calendar/

Join the World University and School Google + Group to add to its wiki-like calendar to teach an open, free class or course, converse about ideas, and jam (e.g. musically or theater improvisation): https://plus.google.com/u/0/b/108179352492243955816/.

Careers
Career counseling: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Career_counseling

Finding / creating a job you really love: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Finding_/_creating_a_job_you_really_love

WUaS Job hunting: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/WUaS_Job_hunting

Counseling
Counseling: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Counseling

Coordinates
... in a virtual world

Credits
Many thanks to each of you!

Please feel free to hyperlink your name to a location of your choice (or tell WUaS where to link to - worlduniversityandschool@gmail.com). Please do not hesitate to let WUaS know if you think that somebody (including yourself) has been forgotten, now or in the future; please include a URL, which is, of course, one main way identity created on the internet.

Digital To Do
Android

Brainwave device / Headset

Broadcast to radio frequencies

Broadcast to TV / television

Create EMail group for page

Digital Text to Audio file format (Browse Aloud / Read Aloud?)

Google Glass

MIT OCW Mirror Site Instructions: http://ocw.mit.edu/about/mirror-site-program/mirror-site-instructions/

Oculus Rift

Print

Publish to DVD

Recommend

Send to phone

Tablets

Translate

Videophone

Free Degrees / Credit
MIT OCW Audio Video Courses: http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/audio-video-courses/

Admissions at World University and School: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Admissions_at_World_University_and_School

Conference Method of Teaching and Learning: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Conference_Method_of_Teaching_and_Learning

The College at World University and School: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/The_College_at_World_University_and_School

Ph.D. Degrees at World University and School: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Ph.D._Degrees_at_World_University_and_School

World University Law School: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/World_University_Law_School

World University Medical School: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/World_University_Medical_School

World University Music School: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/World_University_Music_School

WUaS International Baccalaureate Diploma and Programme: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/WUaS_International_Baccalaureate_Diploma_and_Programme (beginning with United Nations' languages - Arabic, Chinese (Mandarin), English, French, Russian, Spanish)

In Google Earth
Google Earth.

In Virtual World
(Search on the word 'lists' here, too: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Virtual_Worlds)

3D Learn. 2013. http://www.learningin3d.info/

Active Worlds Educational Universe (AWEDU). 2012. http://www.activeworlds.com

Alice. 2012. http://www.alice.org/

Minecraft. 2012. www.minecraft.net

Edusim. 2013. http://edusim3d.com/

Gifted Kids.ie. 2013. http://www.giftedkids.ie/daynuv.html

ISTE – SIGMS. 2013. http://sigms.iste.wikispaces.net/secondlifeplayground2010

Kaneva. 2014. http://www.kaneva.com/

Open Cobalt. 2013. http://www.opencobalt.org/

OpenSim. 2012. http://opensimulator.org/wiki/Main_Page (http://www.scribd.com/doc/57959626/OpenSimulator-School-Quick-Start-Guide)

Open Croquet. 2012. http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?OpenCroquet and http://www.opencroquet.org/

Open Wonderland. 2012. http://openwonderland.org/

Primary Games. 2013. http://www.primarygames.com/arcade/virtualworlds.php

Quest Atlantis. 2012. http://atlantisremixed.org/ (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZoT3pilNPI).

SimScience. 2012. http://simscience.org/

Second Life - Harvard's virtual island. 2012. http://slurl.com/secondlife/Berkman/115/53/25 - and teach, learn and share ideas - in group voice chat, or in group type chat, and via building.

SmallWorlds. 2014. https://www.smallworlds.com/

There.com. 2014. http://www.there.com/

Twinity. 2014. http://www.twinity.com/en/choose-your-free-avatar

Unity3D. 2012. http://unity3d.com/

WiloStar3D. 2013. https://www.wilostar3d.com/

World of Warcraft in School. 2014. http://wowinschool.pbworks.com/w/page/5268731/FrontPage

Add a learning-oriented virtual world here:

Travel to this virtual island to learn building:

Item Number
Global ID and Multiple IDs - see https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/New_sites_system

Bar code

Learning Networking
Teach and Learn using free Social Networking software to share what courses, etc., you find edifying, what you enjoy learning ....

About Me - World University and School - http://about.me

Academia.edu's World University and School - http://worlduniversityandschool.academia.edu/

Delicious.com's World University and School - http://www.delicious.com/WorldUniversityandSchool

Facebook.com's World University and School - http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=48753608141 ('This group may be archived').

Good Reads - http://www.goodreads.com/group/show/99021-worlduniversityandschool

Google + Profiles - worlduniversityandschool@gmail.com - Scott MacLeod - https://plus.google.com/115890623333932577910/

Google + Profiles Company page - worlduniversityandschool@gmail.com - World University and School - https://plus.google.com/u/0/b/108179352492243955816/108179352492243955816/posts

Google Groups' World University and School - http://groups.google.com/group/World-University-and-School

Like

LinkedIn's World University and School - http://www.linkedin.com/groups/World-University-School-4024337

Quora - http://www.quora.com/

Research Gate - http://www.researchgate.net/

Redditt.com's World University and School - http://www.reddit.com/user/WorldUnivandSch/

Tribe.net's World University and School - http://tribes.tribe.net/worlduniversityandschool

Twitter.com's World University and School - http://twitter.com/WorldUnivandSch

Wer Kennt Wen - World University and School - http://www.wer-kennt-wen.de/

World University & School 'subject page' group

World University & School Share This

Yahoo Groups' World University and School: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/worlduniversityandschool/

TV-Live Broadcasting
Broadcast to television

Teach and learn using free TV-Live Broadcasting software to the web:

Google + Hangouts - https://plus.google.com/hangouts

Justin TV - http://www.justin.tv

Livestream TV - http://www.livestream.com

Ustream TV - http://ustream.tv

Video Communication
Teach and learn using free TV-Live Broadcasting software

Free video conferencing

iChat - http://www.apple.com/macosx/what-is-macosx/ichat.html

Skype - http://www.skype.com/

Free, group video conferencing

AnyMeeting - http://anymeeting.com/homepage/

Google + Hangout - https://tools.google.com/dlpage/hangoutplugin - http://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/

Meeting Burner - http://www.meetingburner.com/index?page=signup-v2 – up to 15 connection

ooVoo - http://www.oovoo.com/home.aspx

Paltalk - http://www.paltalk.com

sifonr - free communication - http://www.sifonr.com/‎

Tokbox | OpenTok - API - http://tokbox.com/opentok

Vyew - http://vyew.com/

Web Huddle - https://www.webhuddle.com/homepage.jsp - http://sourceforge.net/projects/webhuddle/

Zoom.us - Cloud HD Video Meetings - http://zoom.us/

Universal Translator at WUaS
http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/WUaS_Universal_Translator

Google Translate language:

Sugar Labs: Translation System language:

Region:

The "Universitian" Newspaper at World University and School
The "Universitian" Newspaper at WUaS

Wiki Software for Courses
Media Wiki - http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki

PB Works - http://pbworks.com/

Wet Paint - http://wikisineducation.wikifoundry.com/

Wikia - http://www.wikia.com/Wikia

Wikispaces - http://www.wikispaces.com/

Wikidata / Bots
http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikidata/Bots

World University and School Licensing
World University and School - like Wikipedia with Greatest Universities' OpenCourseWare (not endorsed by MIT OCW) - incorporated as a nonprofit effective April 2010 and has been a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt, educational organization charity through November 12, 2012, and is re-instating its 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status, as of September 2013, effective 2010.

World University & School is a community of learners and teachers who value — and are themselves strengthened by — the rich diversity of its participants. In order to cultivate a flourishing teaching, learning and creating conversation in a diverse and complex world, WUaS welcomes all languages, students, families, faculty, board members, and staff with differences based on (but not limited to) race, color, ethnicity, religion, age, gender, sexual orientation, family structure, and economic background.

All content on this site is freely available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 International (CC BY-SA 3.0) - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.

The World University and School program is not endorsed by MIT or MIT OpenCourseWare.

WUaS: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/World_University

Courses: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Courses

Subjects: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Subjects

Languages: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Languages

Library Resources: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Library_Resources

Nation States: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Nation_States

You at World University: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/You_at_World_University

Educational Software: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Educational_Software

Museums: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Museums

Research: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Research

Hardware Resource Possibilities: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Hardware_Resource_Possibilities

Frequently Asked Questions at World University & School: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Frequently_Asked_Questions

World University Foundation: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/World_University_Foundation

LANGUAGE TEMPLATE: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/LANGUAGE_TEMPLATE

MUSEUM TEMPLATE: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/MUSEUM_TEMPLATE

NATION STATE TEMPLATE: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/NATION_STATE_TEMPLATE

SUBJECT TEMPLATE: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/SUBJECT_TEMPLATE

Volunteers at World University and School: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/Volunteers

Home: http://worlduniversity.wikia.com/wiki/World_University

For questions, or help editing a page, email: worlduniversityandschool@gmail.com

WUaS's Guidestar.org listing - https://www.guidestar.org/organizations/27-3105368/world-university-school.aspx.

Please donate through PayPal to tax-exempt - 501 (c) (3) - World University and School at

http://worlduniversityandschool.org

Thank you!